Confirming the validity of our NOD.DEREG model, DT-untreated female mice spontaneously developed overt diabetes, which was accompanied by an early onset of insulitis at ≤ 4 weeks of age and progressive loss of insulin-producing β cells (see below), resulting in the manifestation of hyperglycemia from 12 weeks of age (Supplementary Figure S1). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.