CCL4 and infection: It was found that Rufomycin 4–7 treatment significantly decreased the Mabs-R-induced gene expression of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Tnfa, Il1b, Il6, Cxcl5, Ccl2, and Ccl4) in BMDMs at 6 h post-infection (hpi) (Figure 2A).