MAPK8 and infection: However, Rufomycin 4–7 did not modulate the activation of other signaling pathways such as phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB), phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), or phospho-Akt/protein kinase B (p-Akt) in BMDMs during Mabs-R infection (Figure 3B).