No significant difference was observed between INSL3 SD scores in untreated patients with azoospermia (INSL3 SD scores ranged from -1.1 to +2, n=4) and with spermatozoa (INSL3 SD scores of -1.5 and +2.7, n=2, p = 0.53, Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene INSL3 and Azoospermia.