AVP and clostridium difficile infection: The transient CDI group also showed lower 3-month postoperative copeptin levels than the non-CDI group [3.2 (2.7, 4.5) in the non-CDI group, 2.2 (1.9, 2.6) in the transient CDI group, and 1.4 (1.0, 1.8) in the permanent CDI group, P < 0.001] (Fig. 2a).