Tumor-intrinsic PD-L1 expression predicts response to anti-PD-1 ICB in various tumor entities, but in ccRCC it is of limited use and the European Association of Urology recommend not to consider this biomarker for patient stratification.10–13 Furthermore, a predictive biomarker that evaluates the effectiveness of an anti-PD-1 blockade is also of limited relevance in ccRCC, as the PD-1/PD-L1 immune axis is targeted in both first-line therapies as the current backbone of first-line ccRCC therapy. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.