In some control and ALS cases, neuronal hemoglobin labelling was observed in neurofilament H (SMI-32)-positive anterior horn motor neurons (Fig. 2j–m), as is seen in human cortical neurons [38, 39], or in cells in the dorsal white matter of the spinal cord which were negative for markers of microglia (Iba1, CD14) or astrocytes (GFAP) (images not shown). The gene discussed is GFAP; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.