ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In such oncogenic driver aberrations of NSCLC, EGFR, ALK, MET, and B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) mutations, and ALK, ROS proto-oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), ret proto-oncogene (RET), and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase (NTRK) fusions have been identified and the clinical benefit of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting these oncogenic driver mutations and fusions have been proven by well-designed clinical trials (Fig. 2) [41].