In turn, mutations of other transcription factors (e.g., PIT-1/POU1F1, PROP-1, LHX3, SOX2, SOX3, OTX2 and HESX1) lead to congenital MPHD [36], while hypothalamic-pituitary tumours (e.g., craniopharyngiomas), their treatment regimens or traumatic brain injuries result in acquired MPHD [34]. Here, HESX1 is linked to brain injury.