Indeed, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase (p38 MAPK), which modulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell survival and cell motility [57], have been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of IPF. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.