Suppresses: in vivo and in vitro, suppressed NO, iNOS, TNFα, COX2, IL-6, IL-1ß in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, suppression of IRAK-linked AP-1/NF-kB pathways, suppressed hepatitis and gastritis symptoms in mouse models [390]. Here, TNF is linked to hepatitis A virus infection.