As diverse tissue responses likely accompany AKI in the kidney, studies have also discovered biomarkers that report inflammation (e.g., MCP-1, OPN, and IL-18), fibrosis (e.g., TGF-β, and PIINP), and repair (e.g., EGF, YKL-40, and OPN) [5] in addition to those that indicate injury. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and acute kidney injury.