TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Especially, the synthetic pCDR1 induced a lower expression of proinflammatory cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α and IL2), a decreased T cell proliferation and also a decreased production of pathogenic AAB molecules in different SLE models [118,119,120] and/or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of SLE patients [120].