Th 1 cytokines, such as TNF-α and IFN-γ, are known to lead the progression of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis (MS) [26,27,28], while IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 refer to Th 2 cytokines and inhibit the pro-inflammatory response and reduce damage [29,30,31]. Here, TNF is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.