AKT1 and neuroblastoma: Similarly, protective properties against oxidative stress were shown for HN analogue HNG on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, where HNG acted via the PI3K/AKT (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B) pathway [81], a crucial signalling pathway involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell differentiation and proliferation [82].