TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: In human HCC cells SMMC-7721, BEL-7402, HuH-7, and Hep-3B, TNFα synergizes with IFNγ in inducing PD-L1 through the induction of IFNγ receptors expression via NFкB pathway, thereby enhancing JAK/STAT signaling of IFNγ [13].