Chemokines involved in the recruitment of multiple immune cell subsets (Cxcr4, Cxcl13, Ccl22) were upregulated in parallel with the co-stimulatory molecules Icos and the checkpoint receptor Ctla4, suggesting complex immunological changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in response to treatment. The gene discussed is CXCR4; the disease is neoplasm.