TNF and peripheral neuropathy: Inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and chemokines (e.g., chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) family) were elevated in the peripheral sites, spinal cord, and of paclitaxel-treated animals, and many agents reduced the peripheral neuropathy symptoms via their anti-inflammatory effects [19,21,22,24,25,27,28,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,41,42,44,45,46,47,49,50,51,52,53,54,56].