While the above study suggests that TNFα blockade can increase effectivity of anti-PD-L1 therapy, this seems diametrically opposed to the observation that not reduced but increased serological levels of TNFα were found to be associated with improved anti-PD-1 treatment response and survival in NSCLC (along with IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12) [130]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and non-small cell lung carcinoma.