TNF and preeclampsia: In two rat models of preeclampsia, administration of the TNFα inhibitor etanercept restores uterine vascular function by increasing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine and decreasing vasoconstriction to norepinephrine in uterine arteries of RUPP rats and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, resulting in reduced uterine vascular resistance [303,304].