DPP4 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Several molecules and processes have been the focus of the metabolic effects of bioactive peptides, including intestinal cholesterol micelles, cholesterol metabolism-associated genes that regulate cholesterol, triglyceride metabolism-related genes that reduce triglyceride levels, anti-obesity, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and glucose metabolism-related genes that reduce blood glucose levels [117].