Glia-like human MSCs (ghMSCs) exhibit better efficacy and enable better protection of the neurons and the brain from ischemia than naïve human MSCs, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) played a critical role in mediating the beneficial effects of ghMSCs in an ischemic stroke [108]. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP4 and ischemic stroke.