Sigma1Rs play a protective role in many neurodegenerative diseases, including providing a neuroprotective mechanism for reducing excitotoxic damage caused by excessive glutamate in epilepsy [50,69,107] and regulating excitotoxicity caused by glutamatergic hyperactivity associated with seizures and subsequent oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, SIGMAR1 is linked to epilepsy.