Therefore, PM boys have higher risk to be diagnosed of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ADHD than age-matched PM girls, although in both groups the risk was higher than in controls, leading to the hypothesis that reduced protein levels of FMR1 are responsible for the mild signs of the developmental and cognitive impairments observed in PM carriers that are characteristic of FXS patients [70,71]. Here, FMR1 is linked to Cognitive impairment.