The chronic abundance of energy maintains constantly high levels of plasma glucose, which lessen the β-cells response to incretins, decreasing insulin sensitivity and leading to insulin resistance (IR), a process that is also mediated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), IL-1β, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) signaling [53,54,55]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Insulin resistance.