TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Low AGE diets compared to high AGE diets also diminished tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)), 8-isoprostane, leptin, circulating AGE levels, receptors for AGE, and P66shc, and increased adiponectin levels and sirtuin-1 in peripheral mononuclear cells in individuals with and without T2DM [23].