In subjects with an IgE-mediated food allergy, the smooth muscle contractility is mostly affected by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 cytokines, and transforming growth factor-beta [91], while in non-IgE-mediated CMA, motility is impaired by tryptase released by mast cells migrating and interacting with nerves [92]. Here, IGHE is linked to food allergy.