IL18 and hyperuricemia: The present study showed that CPE-E significantly ameliorated IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18 in renal tissue and serum of hyperuricemic mice, which was consistent with a previous study in which Chen et al. found that curcumin has a beneficial effect on hyperuricemia by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 [58].