APOB and familial hypercholesterolemia: Loss of function of genes activating autophagy suppresses intestinal atrophy, indicating that autophagy facilitates intestine-to-yolk biomass conversion, and vitellogenesis plays a crucial role in intestinal atrophy in aging C. elegans. In humans, hyperlipidemia occurs with advanced age; in particular, LDL hypercholesterolemia plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, indicating that the levels of cholesterol-rich LDL and other apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins are directly implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases [57,58].