Among 1287 non-pregnant women ≥20 years old years in the U.S. NHANES from 1988 to 1994 [32], women with serum 25(OH)D levels of 24.56–32.78 ng/mL had ORs of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.96) for hepatic inflammation, which was defined as unexplained elevated serum ALT level (>31 μ/L) without causes of liver inflammation such as hepatitis B, C, or significant alcohol consumption. Here, GPT is linked to hepatitis B virus infection.