Taken together, these overall results show that the antiproliferative effect of chloroquine 2.5 μM shows a considerable variation between patients, but this variation is not associated with any of the established biomarkers of high-risk AML (i.e., karyotype, NPM1 or FLT3 mutations) or with the survival of patients receiving potentially curative intensive therapy. Here, NPM1 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.