Previous AML studies have mainly investigated effects of chloroquine in cell lines [13,47,48,49], and then, many of chloroquine’s antileukemic effects depend on inhibition of autophagy, e.g., inhibition of dasatinib-induced differentiation [47], apoptosis induction in cytarabine-sensitive and resistant cell lines [48], caspase-dependent apoptosis in erythroleukemia with downregulation of c-Myc, upregulation of proapoptotic gene expression and modulation of the cellular miR profile in favor of apoptosis [49]. The gene discussed is MYC; the disease is erythroleukemia.