Chronic EC exposure also seems to result in increased neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloprotease levels in the lung, abnormal activation of the lung epithelial cells, β-defensins and neutrophilic response (NETosis), activation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRAP1), alternations in the normal respiratory microbiota, induced proteolysis and in general impaired respiratory innate immune system, all associated with allergies and asthma [27,28]. Here, ELANE is linked to Allergy.