A recent study evaluated oxidative stress markers, inflammation and biomarkers of activity in SLE and detected significant differences between active and inactive lupus nephritis for MDA, total and oxidated GSH, TAS, CRP, MCP 1, beta 2-microglobulin, urinary protein/creatinine ratio, dsDNA antibodies, anti-C1q antibodies and C3, C4. Here, C3 is linked to lupus nephritis.