The observation that POMC-derived peptides, locally produced by keratinocytes and melanocytes, have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties has led to the hypothesis that the association between MC1R and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) may be the result of inflammatory or immune mechanisms influencing tumorigenesis [64,65], implying that not all MC1R mutations have to be necessarily associated with an RHC phenotype to be oncogenic (Table 3) [66]. The gene discussed is MC1R; the disease is non-melanoma skin carcinoma.