TNF and leiomyoma: Major cytokines, namely the expression of interleukin 1 (IL1), 6 (IL6), 11 (IL11), 13 (IL13), 15 (IL15), 33 (IL33), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, have been implicated to leiomyoma pathophysiology.