Basal-bolus insulin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors alone or in combination with insulin have been shown to lead to significant improvements in glycaemic control and reductions in complications in hospitalised patients with T2D [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. Here, DPP4 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.