ALB and lymphopenia: These studies similarly found lymphopenia, elevated troponin, renal and hepatic indices, low albumin, and elevated inflammatory markers, such as CRP, D-dimer, procalcitonin, and IL-6, to be independently associated with development of ARDS, need for intensive care unit admission or mechanical ventilation, and mortality [11,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33].