Healthy women subjects exhibited an unfavourable heart rate variability response (a measure of cardiac autonomic tone) and increased arterial stiffness to angiotensin II infusion whilst the male counterparts demonstrated an opposite effect [36] and the disruption of the non-canonical RAAS, Ang (1–7) pathway was identified to play a role in obesity-associated hypertension in obese female mice [41]. The gene discussed is ANGPT1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.