CTSS and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Interestingly, our results show that some cathepsins are upregulated in NPC hepatocytes (CTSD (fold change = 3.58), CTSB (fold change = 2.63), CTSH (fold change = 3.70), CTSZ (fold change = 3.91) and CTSS (fold change = 5.16)).