The recent results of adjuvant therapy targeting activating mutations in EGFR (exon 19 deletion and L858R mutation) and of preoperative immunotherapies of early stage (I-IIIA) NSCLC open up great perspectives for the prevention of relapse and/or post-operative tumor progression [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.