TNF and bacterial infectious disease: On a cellular level, CTRP3 inhibits the LPS-TLR4-mediated release of the chemoattractant protein C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) from adipocytes [20], and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α from monocytes [23], indicating a key role of this adipokine in the paracrine regulation of adipocyte–monocyte/macrophage crosstalk both in metaflammation [4] and bacterial infection.