CD8A and central nervous system cancer: The coupling of CTLA-4 and PD-1 to targeted nanoscale immunoconjugates on a natural biopolymer scaffold (poly β-L-malic acid) triggers prolonged survival in preclinical glioma models with better delivery of the drugs, and induced adaptive immune response including an increase of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and macrophages associated with a decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the brain TME [67].