Hence, the oncogenic AML1-ETO fusion protein, which results from the most common balanced translocation in AML (t(8:21)), plays essential roles in hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) self-renewal, in part by promoting the expression of groucho-related Amino-terminal Enhancer of Splicing (AES) [56,57,58]. This evidence concerns the gene RUNX1 and acute myeloid leukemia.