Suen et al. (2010) found that patients with kidney stones were characterised by an increased level of inflammatory biomarkers in urine, including IL-6, IL-8/CXCL8 (interleukin 8/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8), RANTES/CCL5 (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted/C-C motif chemokine ligand 5), MCP-1/CCL2, Mig/CXCL9 (monokine induced by gamma/chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9) and IP-10/CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10/interferon gamma-induced protein), the most sensitive of which turned out to be IL-8/CXCL8. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and nephrolithiasis.