Recent studies showed that YBX1 regulated programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression to mediate immune escape in prostate cancer [45], and the infiltrating cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4+) T cells promoted the growth of renal cell carcinoma via modulating transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)/YBX1/HIF2α signals [46]. Here, CD4 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.