Additionally, genetic variants in ApoL1 (encoding apolipoprotein L-1, an apolipoprotein mainly present in the HDL3 subclass, involved in ion transport, cell apoptosis, and the innate immune response against Trypanosoma rhodesiense [126]) predicted the onset of chronic kidney disease [127], a condition in which an impaired HDL ability in promoting cholesterol efflux, as well as alterations in the HDL apolipoprotein content, has been well documented [83,128]. This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and chronic kidney disease.