IL4 and viral infectious disease: These include pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β, TNF-α and IL-6 and cytokines associated with the adaptive immunity such as IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4/13 (homologue to IL-4 and IL13), IL-10, IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22 and TGF-β family members, providing strong protection against diverse viral infections (i.e., haemorrhaic virus) [40].