Evaluation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with mutations in Foxp3 and bone-marrow-derived CD34+ HSCs received from a patient with mutations and impaired function of IL-10Rshowed severe medical-refractory infantile-onset of IBD.HSCs administration inNOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ(NSG) mice lacking murine MHC-II and expressing HLA-DR1hardly showed the mounted intestinal inflammation as was seen in mice and humans carrying mutations in IL-10 or IL-10R genes [180,181]. The gene discussed is IL10RA; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.