RHO and Sepsis: We aim to provide the readers with a comprehensive overview to allow the understanding of how the study of Rho proteins and their downstream pathways, particularly the Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (Rho-kinase or ROCK, further classified as subtypes I and II), are directly or indirectly involved in different signs or symptoms of this disease, and perhaps why it can be a source of innovative targets for the clinical management of sepsis and septic shock.