AR and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: In our cohorts, both normal and tumor tissues of pRCC patients had significantly higher expression of AR-FL (normal = 2 times higher, tumor = 2.7 times higher), AR-V1 (normal = 2 times higher, tumor = 3.5 times higher) and AR-V3 (normal = 2 times higher, tumor = 1.7 times higher) than normal and tumor tissues of ccRCC patients, as well as significantly higher expression of AR-V4 (normal = 5 times higher) than normal tissues of ccRCC patients.