NF1 and osteoporosis: Several studies have documented a decreased BMD in individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) [47,48,49,50,51,52], suggesting that the NF1 haploinsufficiency may contribute to abnormal bone remodeling, either directly or indirectly by aberrant Ras signaling, potentially predisposing NF1-affected individuals to skeletal abnormalities and osteoporosis.